What makes distributed practice effective?
نویسندگان
چکیده
The advantages provided to memory by the distribution of multiple practice or study opportunities are among the most powerful effects in memory research. In this paper, we critically review the class of theories that presume contextual or encoding variability as the sole basis for the advantages of distributed practice, and recommend an alternative approach based on the idea that some study events remind learners of other study events. Encoding variability theory encounters serious challenges in two important phenomena that we review here: superadditivity and nonmonotonicity. The bottleneck in such theories lies in the assumption that mnemonic benefits arise from the increasing independence, rather than interdependence, of study opportunities. The reminding model accounts for many basic results in the literature on distributed practice, readily handles data that are problematic for encoding variability theories, including superadditivity and nonmonotonicity, and provides a unified theoretical framework for understanding the effects of repetition and the effects of associative relationships on memory.
منابع مشابه
Understanding Personal Practical Knowledge; From what teachers must know to what teachers already know
The purpose of this study is understanding the Personal Practical Knowledge (PPK) of teachers which has been done through qualitative method. Understanding PPK helps us to understand why teachers act in a specific way. In this regards, reflecting on their personal and professional narratives also help to improve their practice. This study was conducted along with 13 teachers in a non-profit pri...
متن کاملDistributed Work Display: A Representation for Analyzing Enacted Distributed Operational Work
Distributed work is becoming increasingly common, but existing approaches to supporting it focus almost entirely on routine, anticipated processes at the expense of understanding how human actors interact to resolve unanticipated obstacles and misunderstandings. This paper describes the Distributed Work Display, a representation of work as enacted that can support analysts and designers in crea...
متن کاملWhat Price Replication ?
Replicated data is employed in distributed databases to enhance data availability. However, the beneet of data availability is only realized at the cost of elaborate algorithms which hide the underlying complexity of maintaining multiple copies of a single data item. The concern about the performance impact of replica control is part of the reasons why replication, although extensively research...
متن کاملO5: Children Need Our Protection Poly Trauma in Children-What Makes the Difference
Children are not little adults. Children have a limited responsibility corresponding to their age. Germany experiences a steady decline of Road Traffic Injuries and Fatalities in children to 28 674 injured children under 15 years and to 71 fatal injured children in 2014. In the European :::::union::::: similar data are available, but with a major difference between the countries. An evaluation ...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
عنوان ژورنال:
- Cognitive psychology
دوره 61 3 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2010